Influencia del síndrome burnout en el clima organizacional de los gimnasios de entrenamiento funcional del municipio de Cartago Valle del Cauca

El trabajo de investigación planteado fue de tipo descriptivo que utilizo el método cuantitativo correlacional para la recolección de datos, análisis y discusión de resultados, con una población de 50 colaboradores de los gimnasios de entrenamiento funcional del municipio de Cartago Valle, cuyo objetivo principal fue Determinar la influencia del síndrome burnout en el clima organizacional de los mismo, planteando la siguiente hipótesis nula, el síndrome de burnout no afecta al clima organizacional y la hipótesis alternativa, el síndrome de burnout afecta al clima organizacional. Los resultados encontrados muestran que hay una influencia significativa entre el síndrome de burnout y el clima organizacional, puesto que entre más desgaste profesional haya en los entrenadores la percepción de un buen clima disminuirá, además se evidencio que la relación más alta entre las variables de clima organizacional y el síndrome de burnout es empoderamiento, negociación y manejo de conflictos y relaciones

Estrategias de Reconversión de la Arquitectura Industrial

El campo del reciclaje industrial ha dado pie a profundas reflexiones respecto a la tradicional oposición entre ruina y conservación. Especialmente hoy una parte de la profesión ha concentrado su pensamiento en esas estrategias de actuación sobre lo construído, como lugar desde donde recuperar un nuevo sentido para la arquitectura, con un atisbo de esperanza semejante al que en el siglo XIV tuvieron los arquitectos del renacimiento con los restos romanos. Hoy sabemos que las intervenciones sobre esas arquitecturas industriales no pueden ser realizadas con las mismas actitudes que han producido mucha de la construcción insustancial de los últimos tiempos. Por ello se propone un listado de acciones trasnsitivas que adquiere voluntariamente la forma de una simple sucesión : llenar, vaciar, limpiar, evocar, artealizar, localizar, borrar, camuflar, ampliar… Una sucesión clara y aséptica, como una mera enumeración, que evita las relaciones entre estrategias, despojándolas de toda intencionalidad narrativa o ideológica. Se trata de un catálogo de acciones posibles que, desde el estudio de las relaciones entre lo existente y lo proyectado, en el contexto de la arquitectura industrial, tal vez contribuya a un debate más general sobre el estado en que se encuentra la propia disciplina

La nostalgia del lugar. Sobre las relaciones de la arquitectura con el lugar contemporáneo

Architecture is enriched when it goes beyond the fundamental act of construction and achieves an indissoluble unity with the site where it sets root. The architect´s work becomes more delicate and intense when making reference, not so much to the building itself, but to the invisible complementary space surrounding the architecture object. However, the notion of context and place, understood in this way, hasn´t received the same consideration either in architectural history or within modernist criticism. Much of the architecture of the twentieth century has exhibited a strange ambiguity about where it is located, due either to a violent or reverential obedience to the site. Today the nostalgia for site appears as one of the few instruments in architecture that still create significance and avoid the emptiness of sense.La arquitectura adquiere mayor valor cuando supera la simple construcción y logra una fusión indisoluble con el lugar donde hecha raíces. El trabajo del arquitecto se convierte en algo más delicado e intenso cuando está referido, tanto a la obra, como al invisible espacio complementario del objeto arquitectónico. No obstante, la noción de contexto y de lugar, entendido de este modo, no ha tenido la misma consideración ni en la historia de la arquitectura ni en la propia modernidad. Mucha de la arquitectura del siglo XX se ha comportado con extraña ambigüedad respecto al lugar donde se asienta, bien por violencia o por reverencial acatamiento. Hoy la nostalgia del lugar se manifiesta como una de los pocos reductos de la arquitectura para lograr alguna dosis de significación y evitar la intrascendencia

Methodology for measuring exhaust aerosol size distributions using an engine test under transient operating conditions

[EN] A study on the sources of variability in the measurement of particle size distribution using a two-stage dilution system and an engine exhaust particle sizer was conducted to obtain a comprehensive and repeatable methodology that can be used to measure the particle size distribution of aerosols emitted by a light-duty diesel engine under transient operating conditions. The paper includes three experimental phases: an experimental validation of the measurement method; an evaluation of the influence of sampling factors, such as dilution system pre-conditioning; and a study of the effects of the dilution conditions, such as the dilution ratio and the dilution air temperature. An examination of the type and degree of influence of each studied factor is presented, recommendations for reducing variability are given and critical parameter values are identified to develop a highly reliable measurement methodology that could be applied to further studies on the effect of engine operating parameters on exhaust particle size distributions. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.The translation of this paper was funded by the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Desantes, J.; Bermúdez, V.; Molina, S.; Linares Rodríguez, WG. (2011). Methodology for measuring exhaust aerosol size distributions using an engine test under transient operating conditions. Measurement Science and Technology. 22(11):1-14. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/22/11/115101S1142211Dobbins, R. A. (2007). Hydrocarbon Nanoparticles Formed in Flames and Diesel Engines. Aerosol Science and Technology, 41(5), 485-496. doi:10.1080/02786820701225820Davidson, C. I., Phalen, R. F., & Solomon, P. A. (2005). Airborne Particulate Matter and Human Health: A Review. Aerosol Science and Technology, 39(8), 737-749. doi:10.1080/02786820500191348McDonald, J. D., Barr, E. B., & White, R. K. (2004). Design, Characterization, and Evaluation of a Small-Scale Diesel Exhaust Exposure System. Aerosol Science and Technology, 38(1), 62-78. doi:10.1080/02786820490247623Brown, D. M., Wilson, M. R., MacNee, W., Stone, V., & Donaldson, K. (2001). Size-Dependent Proinflammatory Effects of Ultrafine Polystyrene Particles: A Role for Surface Area and Oxidative Stress in the Enhanced Activity of Ultrafines. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 175(3), 191-199. doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9240Lighty, J. S., Veranth, J. M., & Sarofim, A. F. (2000). Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 50(9), 1565-1618. doi:10.1080/10473289.2000.10464197Kittelson, D. B. (1998). Engines and nanoparticles. Journal of Aerosol Science, 29(5-6), 575-588. doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(97)10037-4Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., … Speizer, F. E. (1993). An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(24), 1753-1759. doi:10.1056/nejm199312093292401Sem, G. J. (2002). Design and performance characteristics of three continuous-flow condensation particle counters: a summary. Atmospheric Research, 62(3-4), 267-294. doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(02)00014-5Ankilov, A., Baklanov, A., Colhoun, M., Enderle, K.-H., Gras, J., Julanov, Y., … Zagaynov, V. (2002). Intercomparison of number concentration measurements by various aerosol particle counters. Atmospheric Research, 62(3-4), 177-207. doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(02)00010-8Wiedensohlet, A., Orsini, D., Covert, D. S., Coffmann, D., Cantrell, W., Havlicek, M., … Litchy, M. (1997). Intercomparison Study of the Size-Dependent Counting Efficiency of 26 Condensation Particle Counters. Aerosol Science and Technology, 27(2), 224-242. doi:10.1080/02786829708965469Giechaskiel, B., Ntziachristos, L., & Samaras, Z. (2004). Calibration and modelling of ejector dilutors for automotive exhaust sampling. Measurement Science and Technology, 15(11), 2199-2206. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/11/004Cheng, M.-D., Storey, J. M., Wainman, T., & Dam, T. (2002). Impacts of venturi turbulent mixing on the size distributions of sodium chloride and dioctyl-phthalate aerosols. Journal of Aerosol Science, 33(3), 491-502. doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(01)00180-xHueglin, C., Scherrer, L., & Burtscher, H. (1997). An accurate, continuously adjustable dilution system (1:10 to 1:104) for submicron aerosols. Journal of Aerosol Science, 28(6), 1049-1055. doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(96)00485-5Lyyränen, J., Jokiniemi, J., Kauppinen, E. I., Backman, U., & Vesala, H. (2004). Comparison of Different Dilution Methods for Measuring Diesel Particle Emissions. Aerosol Science and Technology, 38(1), 12-23. doi:10.1080/02786820490247579Wong, C. P., Chan, T. L., & Leung, C. W. (2003). Characterisation of diesel exhaust particle number and size distributions using mini-dilution tunnel and ejector–diluter measurement techniques. Atmospheric Environment, 37(31), 4435-4446. doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00571-5Liu, Z. G., Ford, D. C., Vasys, V. N., Chen, D.-R., & Johnson, T. R. (2007). Influence of Engine Operating Conditions on Diesel Particulate Matter Emissions in Relation to Transient and Steady-State Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(13), 4593-4599. doi:10.1021/es0616229Liu, Z. G., Vasys, V. N., & Kittelson, D. B. (2007). Nuclei-Mode Particulate Emissions and Their Response to Fuel Sulfur Content and Primary Dilution during Transient Operations of Old and Modern Diesel Engines. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(18), 6479-6483. doi:10.1021/es0629007Desantes, J. M., Bermúdez, V., Pastor, J. V., & Fuentes, E. (2004). Methodology for measuring exhaust aerosol size distributions from heavy duty diesel engines by means of a scanning mobility particle sizer. Measurement Science and Technology, 15(10), 2083-2098. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/10/019Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., & Gómez, A. (2003). Diesel Particle Size Distribution Estimation from Digital Image Analysis. Aerosol Science and Technology, 37(4), 369-381. doi:10.1080/02786820300970Wiedensohler, A. (1988). An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range. Journal of Aerosol Science, 19(3), 387-389. doi:10.1016/0021-8502(88)90278-9Wen, H. Y., Reischl, G. P., & Kasper, G. (1984). Bipolar diffusion charging of fibrous aerosol particles—II. charge and electrical mobility measurements on linear chain aggregates. Journal of Aerosol Science, 15(2), 103-122. doi:10.1016/0021-8502(84)90030-2Oh, H., Park, H., & Kim, S. (2004). Effects of Particle Shape on the Unipolar Diffusion Charging of Nonspherical Particles. Aerosol Science and Technology, 38(11), 1045-1053. doi:10.1080/027868290883324Matti Maricq, M. (2007). Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: A review. Journal of Aerosol Science, 38(11), 1079-1118. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.08.001Katz, J. L. (1970). Condensation of a Supersaturated Vapor. I. The Homogeneous Nucleation of the n‐Alkanes. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 52(9), 4733-4748. doi:10.1063/1.1673706Burtscher, H. (2005). Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review. Journal of Aerosol Science, 36(7), 896-932. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.12.001Mamakos, A., Ntziachristos, L., & Samaras, Z. (2004). Comparability of particle emission measurements between vehicle testing laboratories: a long way to go. Measurement Science and Technology, 15(9), 1855-1866. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/15/9/02

Interdisciplinary debate: participative processes in the design and execution of the urban project

Procesos participativos y espacio público constituyen dos de los ámbitos que más diversidad reúnen a la hora de trabajar sobre la ciudad contemporánea. Desde el usuario del barrio hasta el académico, desde el técnico al artista, desde el político al trabajador social… la multiplicidad de visiones que confluyen con un mismo objetivo, la mejora de la polis, constituye al mismo tiempo su mayor riqueza y su mayor dificultad. Este debate, realizado de forma virtual a través del software Skype, entre profesionales provenientes de distintas disciplinas, muestra ese mismo enfrentamiento a la vez que trata de encontrar posicionamientos comunes. El proceso participativo es abordado como fuente de complejidad, cuya gestión presenta toda una serie de cuestiones metodológicas. La educación, el espacio público como lugar de ejemplaridad, el movimiento 15-M y la responsabilidad política, son todos temas básicos en esta materia que serán tratados desde distintas experiencias y puntos de vista técnicos, académicos y sociales. Por otro lado aparecerán cuestiones no tan comunes pero de gran interés, como la relación entre identidad, participación y responsabilidad, o la estética propia de los procesos participativos

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Indoor Pollen in a Hospital

The airborne indoor pollen in a hospital of Badajoz (Spain) was monitored over two years using a personal Burkard sampler. The air was sampled in four places indoors—one closed room and one open ward on each of the ground and the third floors—and one place outdoors at the entrance to the hospital. The results were compared with data from a continuous volumetric sampler. While 32 pollen types were identified, nearly 75% of the total counts were represented by just five of them. These were: Quercus, Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Olea, and Plantago. The average indoor concentration was 25.2 grains/m3, and the average indoor/outdoor ratio was 0.27. A strong seasonal pattern was found, with the highest levels in spring and winter, and the indoor concentrations were correlated with the outdoor one. Indoor air movement led to great homogeneity in the airborne pollen presence: the indoor results were not influenced by whether or not the room was isolated, the floor level, or the number of people in or transiting the site during sampling. The presence of ornamental vegetation in the area surrounding the building affected the indoor counts directly as sources of the pollen

Reproductive Potential and Outcomes in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Clinical Profile and Therapeutic Implications

We would like to thank Charlotte Bower for improving the English of this manuscript.There are scarce data available regarding the impact of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) on fertility, course and outcome of pregnancy and risk associated with treatments. The aims of this study are (1) to describe the clinical profile of HS women of childbearing age with and without accomplished reproductive desires and (2) to describe the prescribed treatments based on the fulfillment of reproductive intentions. We conducted a prospective observational study that included 104 HS women of childbearing age, 50.96% (53/104) with unfulfilled reproductive desires. These women were younger (29.08 vs. 42.06 years, p < 0.001), less frequently married and higher educated than women with fulfilled reproductive desires. Their age of disease onset was lower, but disease duration was shorter, in concordance with a lower International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4) and lower number of draining tunnels. Combined oral contraceptives were more frequently prescribed in women with unfulfilled reproductive desires (30.19% vs. 9.80%, p = 0.013) while biologics were less used in this group (3.77% vs. 13.73%, p = 0.08). In conclusion, a higher educational level and an earlier disease onset, with potential implications in finding a partner, may make the fulfillment of reproductive desires difficult for patients with HS. This study could help clinicians to achieve a better understanding of the specific characteristics of HS during childbearing age and consider reproductive desires when making treatment decisions

Detection of Relevant Heavy Metal Concentrations in Human Placental Tissue: Relationship between the Concentrations of Hg, As, Pb and Cd and the Diet of the Pregnant Woman

Heavy metals can cross the placental barrier and reach the fetal compartment, threatening fetal development. Pregnant women can acquire these through food, drinking water, toxic habits or simply by breathing polluted air. The placenta has been described as a biomarker of maternal and fetal exposure to different toxic elements. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to test the possible existence of heavy metal deposits (Pb, As, Cd and Hg) in the placentas of women who gave birth at term in our setting, analyzing the influence of daily life and dietary habits. Methods: We studied 103 placentas, obtained by consecutive sampling, of women that delivered in the Regional Maternity Hospital of Malaga between March and June, 2021. As, Cd and Pb concentrations were analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques. Hg concentration was studied according to US EPA method 7473. Women also answered a questionnaire with epidemiological variables. Results: Detectable concentrations were found in 14.56% [As], 44.6% [Cd], 81.5% [Pb] and 100% [Hg]. [Pb] and [As] correlated significantly (Spearman’s Rho of 0.91 and <0.001), as did [Hg] and [Cd] (Spearman’s Rho 0.256, p < 0.004). The [Pb] and [AS] concentrations were significantly higher in cases of tap water consumption. [Hg] concentrations predicted the birth weight of female newbornsThis research received no external funding. This article is part of Soledad Molina-Mesa’s doctoral thesis. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Alopecia Areata and Dexamethasone Mini-Pulse Therapy, A Prospective Cohort: Real World Evidence and Factors Related to Successful Response

The mini-pulse oral corticosteroids treatment for alopecia areata (AA) is an accessible treatment whose efficacy and adverse effects have not yet been properly described. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the mini-pulse oral corticosteroids treatment in patients with AA, and to explore potential factors associated to the response in a real-world setting. An observational study of a prospective cohort to assess the effectiveness and safety of a mini-pulse dexamethasone treatment in patients with AA, who failed to improve with topical therapies, was performed. A SALT II score and other clinical and safety variables were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. An overall significant and progressive decrease of the SALT score was found during treatment: SALT-50 response was achieved after 9 months in 51.8% of the patients. Hypothyroidism and early age of onset were predictors of the lack of response to treatment. The treatment combination with oral minoxidil showed no effect on the SALT score reduction. Dexamethasone daily and cumulative dose were associated with a higher percentage of side effects. To conclude, the mini-pulse oral corticosteroids treatment is an effective treatment for AA, although patients with an early onset of the disease and hypothyroidism may not benefit

Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19: A Biological Database Study on Pathways and Gene-Disease Associations

Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble vitamin, and pivotal for maintaining health. Several genetic markers have been related to a deficient VD status; these markers could confer an increased risk to develop osteoporosis and other chronic diseases. A VD deficiency could also be a determinant of a severe COVID-19 disease. This study aimed to interrogate genetic/biological databases on the biological implications of a VD deficiency and its association with diseases, to further explore its link with COVID-19. The genetic variants of both a VD deficiency and COVID-19 were identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog and other sources. We conducted enrichment analyses (considering corrected p-values < 0.05 as statistically significant) of the pathways, and genedisease associations using tools, such as FUMA, REVIGO, DAVID and DisGeNET, and databases, such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). There were 26 and 46 genes associated with a VD deficiency and COVID-19, respectively. However, there were no genes shared between the two. Genes related to a VD deficiency were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, retinol, drugs and xenobiotics, and were associated with the metabolic syndrome and related factors (obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus), as well as with neoplasms. There were few enriched pathways and disease connections for the COVID-19-related genes, among which some of the aforementioned comorbidities were also present. In conclusion, genetic factors that influence the VD levels in the body are most prominently associated with nutritional and metabolic diseases. A VD deficiency in high-risk populations could be therefore relevant in a severe COVID-19, underlining the need to examine whether a VD supplementation could reduce the severity of this disease.Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia - European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER) PECOVID-0200-202